John Drummond, 1st Earl of Melfort, 1649 - 1714. Secretary of State for Scotland and Jacobite

John Drummond, 1st Earl of Melfort, was a leading Jacobite politician who served as Secretary of State for Scotland under James VII/II. After the Glorious Revolution he followed James into exile in France, becoming one of the most important figures in the Jacobite court at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Kneller's 1688 portrait captures him at the moment of crisis, just as James's reign was collapsing. The portrait is thus a significant political document as well as a work of art.

Melfort is shown in the formal dress of a high official, his bearing suggesting the confident authority he had wielded before the Jacobite collapse. Kneller's handling is efficient and direct, establishing the sitter's physical presence without psychological elaboration.