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The Small Crucifixion by Matthias Grünewald

The Small Crucifixion

Matthias Grünewald·c. 1511/1520

Historical Context

Grünewald's Small Crucifixion from around 1511-1520 in the National Gallery of Art is a concentrated example of his unparalleled ability to render Christ's suffering with a physical and psychological intensity that transcended all contemporary artistic norms. Grünewald was the most emotionally extreme painter of the German Renaissance, his Crucifixions depicting Christ's body with wounds, distortions, and physical damage of an explicitness that makes them the supreme examples of late medieval devotional realism. The Small Crucifixion, despite its compact scale, shows his full mastery of his distinctive approach: the green-tinged flesh of death, the crown of thorns' detailed spikes, the expressive agony of the accompanying figures.

Technical Analysis

The oil on panel demonstrates Grünewald's extraordinary capacity to convey physical agony through distorted anatomy, livid flesh tones, and anguished gestures. The expressionistic handling of paint and the sickly, greenish pallor of Christ's body create an image of almost unbearable emotional intensity.

Provenance

Wilhelm V, duke of Bavaria [d. 1597], Munich. Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria [d. 1651], Munich.[1] Private collection, western Germany, possibly Westfalia.[2] Dr. Friedrich Schöne, Essen and Stettin (now Szczecin), by 1922; purchased 27 September 1927 by Franz Wilhelm Koenigs [1881-1941], Haarlem;[3] sold 1953 by his heirs to the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York;[4] gift 1961 to NGA. [1] Joachim von Sandrart, _Teutsche Academie der edlen Bau-Bild-und Mahlerey-Künste_ (Der Teutschen Academie. Zwenter theil/von der alt/und neu-beröhmten Egyptischen/Briechischen/ Römischen/Italiänischen/hoch-und Niederteutschen Bau-Bild-und Mahlerey Künstlere Lob und leben.) (Nuremberg, 1675), 236; Alfred R. Peltzer, _Joachim von Sandrarts Academie der Bau-Bild-und-Mahlerey-Künste von 1675_ (Munich, 1925), 82, "Ferner haben ihre Fürstl. Durchl. Herzog Wilhelm in Bayern hochseligsten Andenkens als vernünftiger Urtheiler und Liebhaber der edlen Kunst ein klein Crucifix mit unser Lieben Frauen und S. Johann samt einer niederknienden und andächtig betenden Maria Magdalena so fleissig gemahlt von dieser Hand gehabt, auch sehr geliebt, ohne dass sie gewust, von wem es sey. Selbiges ist wegen des verwunderlichen Christus am Creutz, so ganz abhenkend auf den Füssen ruhet, sehr seltsam, dass es das wahre Leben nicht anderst thun könte, und gewiss über alle Crucifix natürlich wahr und eigentlich ist, wann ihm mit vernünftiger Gedult lang nachgesonnen wird, solches ist deswegen halb-Bogen gross auf gnädigen Befehl hochgedachten Herzogs Anno 1605 von Raphael Sadler in Kupfer gestochen worden, und erfreute ich hernachmalen Ihre Churfürstl. Durchl. Maximilian seligster Gedächnis höchlich, da ich des Meisters Namen geoffenbaret." [2] Max J. Friedländer, "Grünewalds einst beim Bayernherzog bewahrte Kreuzigung." _Jahrbuch der Preussischen Kunstsammlungen_ 43 (1922): 60; Alfred Scharf, "Alte Malerei aus Rheinisch-Westfälischem Privatbesitz. Die Jubiläumsausstellung des Kunstvereins für die Rheinlande und Westfalen in Düsseldorf." _Der Cicerone_ 21 (1929): 370. [3] Statement by Mrs. Christie van der Waals, daughter of Franz Koenigs, in NGA curatorial files. [4] See The Kress Collection Digital Archive, https://kress.nga.gov/Detail/objects/2297.

See It In Person

National Gallery of Art

Washington, D.C., United States

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Quick Facts

Medium
Oil on panel
Dimensions
overall: 61.3 × 46 cm
Era
High Renaissance
Style
Northern Renaissance
Genre
Religious
Location
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
View on museum website →

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The Mocking of Christ by Matthias Grünewald

The Mocking of Christ

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