Oostzijdse mill, oil sketch in square format

Oostzijdse mill, oil sketch in square format of 1902 takes the subject Mondrian investigated from multiple viewpoints and places it in a square canvas — an unusual format that changes the compositional relationships available. The square format places vertical and horizontal in exact equilibrium, a relationship that carries obvious relevance for what Mondrian would eventually become. At this stage, the format choice was likely motivated by aesthetic experiment rather than theoretical programme, but it sits suggestively in his development. The oil sketch designation indicates a rapid, exploratory approach rather than a finished studio work.

The square format forces a different compositional solution than the usual horizontal or vertical rectangle: the mill cannot dominate one dimension over another, and the surrounding landscape must accommodate the equal vertical and horizontal dimensions. The sketch handling is rapid and fresh, with confident, decisive brushwork and a simplified palette.