Head of a goat

Head of a goat (1875) by Gustave Courbet, now in the collection of Musée Picasso, demonstrates the artist's ability to depict animals with naturalistic accuracy, working within the strong tradition of animal painting that formed a significant genre in 19th-century European art. Courbet was the founder and champion of Realism, insisting that painting must engage with the contemporary world as it actually existed — peasants, laborers, landscapes, and ordinary social life — rather than the mythological or historical subjects demanded by the Academy. His radical democratic vision and his rejection of idealization made him a controversial and polarizing figure in mid-19th-century Paris.

Courbet applied paint with a palette knife as readily as a brush, building thick, tactile surfaces that emphasize the physical materiality of paint. His palette is earthy and dense — dark browns, forest greens, cool grays — with dramatic tonal contrasts recalling Dutch and Spanish masters.