The Crucifixion of St. Andrew, with St. Francis and St. Paul below

This panel by Berlinghiero Berlinghieri, painted around 1230, depicts the Crucifixion of St. Andrew with Saints Francis and Paul below. The inclusion of St. Francis of Assisi, who was canonized in 1228, helps date this work and reflects the rapid spread of Franciscan devotion across Tuscany. Berlinghiero's workshop produced numerous such devotional panels for churches and mendicant convents, playing a crucial role in establishing the visual language of early Italian Gothic painting.

Executed in tempera and gold on wood panel in the Berlinghieri workshop's characteristic Italo-Byzantine style, the composition uses vertical hierarchical arrangement with the crucifixion scene above the standing saints. Strong contour lines, patterned drapery, and the luminous gold background create a unified devotional image of considerable formal power.